Since these flavor enhancers are so widely used in our food supply (MSG now goes on food labels under many names such as "hydrolyzed vegetable protein" and "autolyzed yeast extract"), avoiding them altogether is difficult, if not impossible. These two amino acids, when used in large quantities as flavor enhancers in manufactured foods and beverages, can over stimulate certain brain cells beyond their ability to sustain and maintain their supply of cellular energy.

Antioxidants Reduce The Accumulation Of Lipofuscin In Mature Brains

As we grow older, the ability of our brain cells to generate energy diminishes significantly. In addition, the amount of glutathione and cellular antioxidant enzymes in these brain cells also decreases, thus allowing for a larger accumulation of free radicals. In humans, the larger accumulation of free radicals permits lipid peroxidation, which can result in an increase of the pigment called lipofuscin in the brain. This is the same pigment that causes "liver" or "age" spots in the skin that are often associated with aging.

Many neuroscientists now believe that lipofuscin accumulation contributes to loss of healthy mental function and absentmindedness that is often experienced with aging. Studies indicate that by maintaining diets high in antioxidants, experimental animals develop fewer lipofuscin pigments in their brains with aging. Mental acuity is crucial in sustaining our overall quality of life. Harsh environmental factors, certain lifestyle choices as well as dietary choices, all make it more imperative that we provide our brains with adequate nutritional support.

Threefold Formula

The core of Brain Formula is threefold: antioxidants (tocopherols, vitamin K, B-vitamins, selenium, N-acetyl cysteine, alpha lipoic acid, bioflavonoids), specific brain-supporting nutrients (L-carnitine, N-acetyl-carnitine, dimethylaminoethanol, phosphatidyl serine, L-taurine), and herbal concentrates (Ginkgo biloba, Gotu kola, Huperzia serrata, Siberian ginseng).

Explosion Of Research In Neurosciences

Neuroscience research indicates that the aforementioned nutrients and plant-derived compounds are capable of helping neurons (brain cells) maintain healthy cellular energy production by promoting healthy mitochondrial function, and promoting healthy blood circulation, especially throughout the vast network of capillaries (the tiny blood vessels of the brain), both of which are crucial to individual brain cell function. Healthy mitochondrial function includes both cellular energy production, and scavenging of free radicals.

Amino Acids Support Healthy Moods

In addition, certain amino acids (L-glutamine, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine) that serve as fuel for the critical neurotransmitters that transmit messages between brain cells, are also included in Brain Formula. Activity of these neurotransmitters is associated with healthy mood, memory, mental acuity, and alertness, without need for stimulants such as caffeine.

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and high-quality protein and essential fats, pure water, regular exercise, and stress management techniques such as biofeedback, yoga, tai-chi, and meditation, along with these outstanding supplements, can significantly enhance our ability to maintain the priceless resource of an active and agile mind throughout our lifetime.

References:
1. Weiss JH, Choi DW. Differential Vulnerability to Excitatory Amino Acid- Induced Toxicity and Selective Neuronal Loss in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Canadian J of Neurological Sci 18(1991)
2.Blaylock, RL. Excitotoxins, The Taste That Kills. Health Press, Santa Fe, NM 1997.
3.Olney, JW. Glutamate, A Neurotoxic Transmitter- J Child Neuro 4(1989)
4.Kobayashi MS, Han D, Packer L: Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Free Radic Res 2000 Feb;32(2):115-24
5.Verhaeverbeke I, Mets T, Mulkens K, Vandewoulde M. Normalization of low vitamin B12 serum levels in older people by oral treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:124-5
6.Beal FM. Cell death by oxidants: neuroprotective antioxidant therapies. Paper presented at : Fourth; International Nice/Springfield Symposium on Advances in Alzheimer Therapy; April 11, 1996;Nice, France.
7.Tanaka J, Nagai T, Arai H, et al. Treatment of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with a combination of cytochrome C and vitamins B1 and B2. Brain Dev 1997 Jun;19(4):262-7
8.Beal MF, et al. Coenzyme Q-10 and niacinamide are neuroprotective against mitochondrial toxins in vivo.  Neurology. 1994;(Supplement 2)A177
9.Behl C, Davis J, Cole G, Sheibert D. Vitamin E protects nerve cells from beta-amyloid protein toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;18610. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J of Med 1997; 336
10.Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J of Med 1997; 336
11.Sen CK, Sashwai R, packer L. Therapeutic Potential of the Antioxidant and Redox Properties of a-Lipoic Acid. In: Oxidative Stress in Cancer, AIDs, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1998
12.Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, et al. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract; importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology 2000 Aug 7;148
13.Gindin J, Nouikov D, Kedar A, et al. The effect of plant phosphatidylserine on age-associated memory impairment and mood in the functional elderly. Paper from: The Geriatric Institute \for Education and Research, Dept. of Geriatrics; Oct. 1995;Revohat, Israel

DIRECTIONS:  Three tablets, twice a day.

WARNING:  Phenylketonurics -- Contains phenylalanine.  Not for use by pregnant or nursing mothers. Persons taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) should only use this product under the supervision of your physician. As with all dietary supplements, consult your physician prior to taking this supplement if you are on prescription medication or under a doctor's care.  Formulated in the exclusive PhytoZyme^TM base of plant enzymes for bioavailability and over 30 synergistic fruit, vegetable and herbal concentrates for "extra" phytonutrient cofactors. Contains no artificial preservatives, sugar, starch, caffeine, salt, wheat, gluten, yeast, corn, milk, egg, shellfish, artificial sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents. this product was not tested on animals. Contains no ingredients from animal sources.

Supplement Facts
Serving Size	3 Tablets
Servings Per Container	60
Amount Per Serving	% Daily Value
Calories	5
Vitamin E (D Alpha Succinate)	45	IU	150%
Vitamin K-1 (Phytomenadione)	50	mcg	63%
Vitamin B-1 (Thiamin HCI)	25	mg	1667%
Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin)	25	mg	1471%
Niacin (Niacinamide)	25	mg	125%
Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine HCl)	6	mg	300%
Folic Acid	100	mcg	25%
Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin)	100	mcg	1667%
Pantothenic Acid (Calcium D Pantothenate)	25	mg	250%
Selenium (as Sodium Selenite)	30	mcg	43%
Chromium  (as Chromium Chloride)	25	mcg	21%
L-Carnitine	100	mg	*
N-Acetyl L-Carnitine	55	mg	*
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine	150	mg	*
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)	60	mg	*
Phospholipid Complex (Soya)	55	mg	*
Phosphatidylserines	11	mg	*
Huperzia Serrata (Huperzia serrata
(Thunb.) Trev.) Berry Extract	90	mg	*
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract	30	mg	*
Ginkgo Flavoglycosides	7	mg	*
Ginkgo Lactones	2	mg	*
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract	90	mg	*
Asiaticosides	9	mg	*
Total Triterpenes	27	mg	*
Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus
senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.)
Maxim.) Root Extract	15	mg	*
Eleutherosides	120	mcg
Norwegian Kelp (Ascophyllum
nodosum L.) Whole Plant	10	mg	*
Lemon Bioflavonoids Whole Fruit	10	mg	*
Alpha Lipoic Acid	45	mg	*
Dibencozide (Deoxyadenosylcobalamine)	6	mcg	*
L-Glutamine	90	mg	*
L-Phenylalanine	100	mg	*
L-Taurine	150	mg	*
L-Tyrosine	45	mg	*
* Daily Value not established.

INGREDIENTS:  Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, L-Taurine, N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, L-Carnitine, L-Phenylalanine, Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract, Huperzia Serrata (Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev.) Berry Extract, L-Glutamine, Stearic Acid, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), N-Acetyl L-Carnitine, Phospholipid Complex, Silica, Alpha Lipoic Acid, L-Tyrosine, Vitamin E (D Alpha Succinate), Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract, Calcium D Pantothenate, Niacin (Niacinamide), Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B-1 (Thiamin HCl), Magnesium Stearate, Siberian Ginseng Root  Extract, Lemon Bioflavonoids Whole Fruit, Norwegian Kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum L.) Whole Plant, Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin), Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine HCl), Vitamin K-1 (Phytomenadione), Chromium Chloride, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite, Dibencozide (Deoxyadenosylcobalamine), and PhytoZyme™ proprietary blend (Bromelain, Papain, Aloe Vera, Alfalfa, Parsley, and vegetable and fruit concentrates from Carrots, Broccoli, Spinach, Cauliflower, Asparagus, Celery, Beet, Chili Pepper, Green Bean, Pea, Sweet Potato, Cucumber, Pumpkin, Snow Pea, Tomato, Zucchini, Lima Beans, Mushroom, Banana, Cantaloupe, Cranberry, Guava, Lemon, Mango, Orange, Papaya, Peach, Pineapple and Grapefruit).

Product No: 6104

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Brain Formula